Ukraine–EU Defence Push: Zelenskiy urged unblocking the EU’s EUR 6bn European Peace Facility for air defence and other proven capabilities, while also calling for Europe to build its own ballistic capabilities and speeding up Ukraine’s EU integration. EU–Russia Sanctions: EU leaders agreed to extend Russia sectoral sanctions for 12 months, keeping pressure on Moscow as talks with Russia remain politically contested. Trade War With China: EU leaders backed stronger trade defences against a widening China export surge, tasking the Commission to build new “toolbox” measures while keeping dialogue open. US–Germany Pharma Clash: The US launched a Section 301 probe into Germany’s pharmaceutical pricing, raising the risk of fresh tariffs. UK Labour Leadership Drama: Andy Burnham won the Makerfield by-election, setting up a potential challenge to Keir Starmer for Labour leadership and No 10. Energy Security Debate: Europe is looking at alternative routes after the Iran shock, including the India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor, as leaders worry about supply resilience. Consumer/Transport Rules: New EU rules require hand luggage in ticket prices and free child seats next to parents under 14. Heatwave Hits France: A deadly heatwave forced train cancellations and class suspensions, with temperatures expected to reach up to 40°C.